Advancing Climate-Resilient Sorghum: the Synergistic Role of Plant Biotechnology and Microbial Interactions
📄 英文摘要 English Abstract
Climate-related problems such as drought stress, extreme temperature, erratic rainfall patterns, soil degradation, heatwaves, flooding, water logging, pests and diseases afflict the production and sustainability of sorghum. These challenges may be addressed by adopting climate-resilient practices and using advanced agronomic techniques. These challenges are being addressed through innovative applications of plant biotechnology and microbiology, which offer targeted solutions to enhance sorghum's resilience. For instance, biotechnological tools like CRISPR/Cas9 enable precise genetic modifications to improve drought and heat tolerance, while microbial inoculants, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), enhance nutrient uptake and stress tolerance through symbiotic interactions. However, biotechnological tools lead to the development of sorghum varieties with heat, drought and salinity tolerance, while marker-assisted selection significantly accelerates breeding for stress-resilient traits. When genetic engineering is introduced, genes encoding heat shock proteins, Osmo protectants and antioxidant pathways are introduced to increase plant resistance to abiotic stress. These compounds stabilise cellular structures, protect enzymes, and maintain osmotic balance, enhancing the plant's ability to survive and function in adverse environmental conditions. At the same time, it is reported that microbiology offers beneficial microbes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that help enhance nutrient availability, soil health and water uptake. Combinations of endophytes and microbial inoculants enhance plant immunity to pests and diseases while increasing tolerance to stress. Biocontrol agents such as Bacillus and Trichoderma contain suppression of pathogens and need less dependence on the use of chemical pesticides. On top of that, genetic modification increases the nutritional quality of sorghum biofortified. This is where biotechnology and microbiology work together to deliver sustainable farming systems reducing environmental impacts, boosting yields and securing food supply under environmental stresses. This review aims to examine the synergistic integration of plant biotechnology and microbial interactions as a strategy to enhance sorghum's resilience to climate-induced stresses, including drought, elevated temperatures, and nutrient-deficient soils. It highlights recent advancements in biotechnological tools such as gene editing, marker-assisted selection, and tissue culture, alongside the emerging role of plant-beneficial microbes in promoting stress tolerance and improving soil health. By synthesizing current knowledge across these disciplines, this review seeks to outline a framework for future research that harnesses the intersection of biotechnology and microbial ecology to support the sustainable improvement of sorghum resilience.
📄 中文摘要 Chinese Abstract
📋 英文结构化总结 English Structured Summary
摘要整理
Background:
Climate-related problems such as drought stress, extreme temperature, erratic rainfall patterns, soil degradation, heatwaves, flooding, water logging, pests and diseases afflict the production and sustainability of sorghum. These challenges may be addressed by adopting climate-resilient practices and using advanced agronomic techniques, and are being addressed through innovative applications of plant biotechnology and microbiology, which offer targeted solutions to enhance sorghum's resilience. This review aims to examine the synergistic integration of plant biotechnology and microbial interactions as a strategy to enhance sorghum's resilience to climate-induced stresses, including drought, elevated temperatures, and nutrient-deficient soils.
Methods:
The review approach examines the synergistic integration of plant biotechnology and microbial interactions to enhance sorghum's resilience to climate-induced stresses. It highlights recent advancements in biotechnological tools such as gene editing, marker-assisted selection, and tissue culture, alongside the emerging role of plant-beneficial microbes in promoting stress tolerance and improving soil health. By synthesizing current knowledge across these disciplines, the review outlines a framework for future research that harnesses the intersection of biotechnology and microbial ecology to support the sustainable improvement of sorghum resilience.
Results:
Biotechnological tools like CRISPR/Cas9 enable precise genetic modifications to improve drought and heat tolerance, while microbial inoculants, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), enhance nutrient uptake and stress tolerance through symbiotic interactions. Biotechnological tools lead to the development of sorghum varieties with heat, drought and salinity tolerance, while marker-assisted selection significantly accelerates breeding for stress-resilient traits. When genetic engineering is introduced, genes encoding heat shock proteins, Osmo protectants and antioxidant pathways are introduced to increase plant resistance to abiotic stress.
Data Summary:
The provided abstract reports no quantitative results or key statistics. The reported findings are qualitative, describing mechanisms and applications of biotechnological tools and beneficial microbes for sorghum stress resilience.
Conclusions:
Biotechnology and microbiology work together to deliver sustainable farming systems reducing environmental impacts, boosting yields and securing food supply under environmental stresses. The review highlights that the synergistic integration of plant biotechnology and microbial interactions is a strategy to enhance sorghum's resilience to drought, elevated temperatures, and nutrient-deficient soils, and it outlines a framework for future research at the intersection of biotechnology and microbial ecology.
Practical Significance:
The findings support real-world applications including adoption of climate-resilient practices, advanced agronomic techniques, CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic modification, marker-assisted selection, tissue culture, microbial inoculants, biocontrol agents such as Bacillus and Trichoderma, and biofortified sorghum to improve nutrient availability, soil health, water uptake, pest and disease suppression, and stress tolerance in sustainable farming systems.
📋 中文结构化总结 Chinese Structured Summary
背景:
与气候相关的问题，如干旱胁迫、极端温度、降雨模式紊乱、土壤退化、热浪、洪涝、渍水、病虫害等，影响着高粱的生产与可持续性。这些挑战可通过采用气候适应性农艺措施和应用先进农艺技术加以应对，并正通过植物生物技术和微生物学的创新应用得到解决，这些应用为提高高粱的抗逆性提供了针对性方案。本综述旨在探讨植物生物技术与微生物互作的协同整合，作为增强高粱对气候诱导胁迫（包括干旱、高温和养分缺乏土壤）抗逆性的策略。
方法:
本综述方法考察了植物生物技术与微生物互作的协同整合，以增强高粱对气候诱导胁迫的抗逆性。它重点介绍了基因编辑、分子标记辅助选择和组织培养等生物技术工具的最新进展，以及植物有益微生物在促进胁迫耐受性和改善土壤健康方面日益凸显的作用。通过综合这些学科领域的现有知识，本综述提出了未来研究框架，利用生物技术与微生物生态学的交叉领域，支持高粱抗逆性的可持续提升。
结果:
CRISPR/Cas9等生物技术工具可实现精确的遗传修饰，以提高抗旱性和耐热性；而微生物接种剂，如植物促生根际细菌（PGPR）和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF），可通过共生互作增强养分吸收和胁迫耐受性。生物技术工具推动了耐热、耐旱和耐盐高粱品种的开发，而分子标记辅助选择则显著加速了抗逆性状的育种进程。当引入基因工程时，编码热激蛋白、渗透保护物质和抗氧化途径的基因被导入，以提高植物对非生物胁迫的抗性。
数据摘要:
所提供的摘要未报告定量结果或关键统计数据。所报告的发现为定性描述，阐述了生物技术和有益微生物在高粱胁迫抗性中的机制与应用。
结论:
生物技术与微生物学协同作用，可构建可持续农业系统，降低环境影响，提高产量，并在环境胁迫下保障粮食供应。本综述强调，植物生物技术与微生物互作的协同整合是增强高粱对干旱、高温和养分缺乏土壤抗逆性的策略，并提出了生物技术与微生物生态学交叉领域的未来研究框架。
实际意义:
研究结果支持实际应用，包括采用气候适应性农艺措施、先进农艺技术、基于CRISPR/Cas9的遗传修饰、分子标记辅助选择、组织培养、微生物接种剂、芽孢杆菌和木霉菌等生物防治剂，以及生物强化高粱，以改善可持续农业系统中的养分有效性、土壤健康、水分吸收、病虫害抑制和胁迫耐受性。