Antiviral effect of peptide-Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) induces acute enteric disease in swine, finally leading to neonatal piglets dehydration to death, and which has a great side effect on China's pig-breeding industry. Therefore, it is urgent to find an economical and effective treatment to prevent and control PEDV. In this study, we identified a high-affinity peptide P6 that specifically targets the C-terminal domain (CTD) of PEDV S1 protein. Subsequently, peptide P6 was conjugated to poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) via dehydration synthesis to generate PLGA-P6 nanoparticles. The antiviral effect of PLGA-P6 nanoparticles was evaluated through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). Results showed that peptide P6 exhibited high binding affinity to PEDV S1 protein, among which hydrogen and electrostatic interactions are the key between peptide P6 and PEDV S1 active pocket. Toxicity test suggested that cell viability was >95% when treated with PLGA-P6 nanoparticles at concentrations not exceeding 1000 μg/mL. Furthermore, absolute quantitative PCR demonstrated that 400 μg/mL PLGA-P6 nanoparticles significantly reduce viral load of PEDV compared to the virus group (P< 0.0001). Similarly, western blot and indirect immunofluorescence also suggested that the antiviral effect of PLGA-P6 nanoparticles at 400 μg/mL is still significant. Based on the above research, the strategy that PLGA nanoparticles combined with antiviral peptides can reduce PEDV infection to a certain extent, which not only lays a foundation for the development of new PEDV drugs, but also provides an auxiliary comprehensive prevention and control method for the prevalence of PEDV.

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