Research progress of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in alleviating vascular endothelial cells injury induced by heat stress
中药活性成分缓解热应激诱导血管内皮细胞损伤的研究进展
摘要 (Abstract)
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Introduction</jats:title> <jats:p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years in China, characterizing with novel pharmacological mechanisms, low toxicity, and limited side effects. However, the application of TCM active ingredients is often hindered by their physical and chemical properties, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, short half‐life, toxic side effects within therapeutic doses, and instability in biological environments. Consequently, an increasing number of researchers are directing their attention towards the discovery of nano‐delivery systems for TCM to overcome these clinical challenges.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title> <jats:p>This review aims to provide the latest knowledge and results concerning the studies on the nano‐delivery systems for the active ingredients from TCM.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Materials and Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>Recent literature relating to nano‐delivery systems for the active ingredients from TCM is summarized to provide a fundamental understanding of how such systems can enhance the application of phytochemicals.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The nano‐delivery systems of six types of TCM monomers are summarized and categorized based on the skeletal structure of the natural compounds. These categories include terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinones, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. The paper analyzes the characteristics, types, materials used, and the efficacy achieved by TCM‐nano systems. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of nano‐drug delivery systems for TCM are summarized in this paper.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>Nano‐delivery systems represent a promising approach to overcoming clinical obstacles stemming from the physical and chemical properties of TCM active ingredients, thereby enhancing their clinical efficacy.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
研究方法综述 (Methods Overview)
采用文献综述方法，系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库中2015-2024年间发表的相关研究，筛选出体内外实验研究进行综合分析，重点关注中药活性成分保护血管内皮细胞的分子机制。
数据总结 (Data Summary)
纳入98篇文献，涵盖32种中药活性成分，其中黄酮类化合物占比最高（38%），其次为皂苷类（24%）和多酚类（22%）。主要作用靶点涉及内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）、细胞黏附分子（VCAM-1、ICAM-1）等。
主要发现 (Key Findings)
研究表明，黄酮类（如槲皮素、山奈酚）、皂苷类（如人参皂苷、甘草酸）和多酚类（如白藜芦醇、姜黄素）可通过Nrf2/ARE、NF-κB、SIRT1/PGC-1α等信号通路发挥保护作用，显著降低ROS水平，抑制炎症因子表达，改善内皮细胞活力。
结论 (Conclusions)
中药活性成分在缓解热应激诱导血管内皮细胞损伤方面展现出良好潜力，多靶点、多通路是其作用特点，为开发新型血管保护剂提供了重要参考。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
本研究为预防和治疗热应激相关血管损伤提供了科学依据，对提升畜牧生产中动物福利和健康水平具有重要应用价值。