Synthesis, characterization, and coating of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) based material over medical implants: A review
镁橄榄石（Mg2SiO4）基材料的合成、表征及其在医用植入物上的涂层：综述
📄 英文摘要 English Abstract
Biocompatible metallic alloys (stainless steel, Ti-alloy, Co–Cr alloys, etc.) have been frequently used for various biomedical implants. Being biocompatible, complications like implant corrosion, body inflammation, organ pain, local infection, and cytotoxicity cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite, a common biomaterial, is used in the form of powders, coatings, and composites for biomedical applications. But poor adhesion, poor load-bearing capacity, high dissolution, poor wear resistance, natural fragility, etc. are the few hindrances in the use of hydroxyapatite coating over implants. Hence, there is a need to focus on the development of alternative biomaterials and their coatings for metallic (orthopedic, dental, metallic stents, pacemakers, etc.) implants. To avoid various complexities and to improve the biocompatibility of metal implants, the coating of forsterite and its composites are being used nowadays. Techniques like dip coating, plasma spraying, and electrophoretic deposition are employed for such coatings. In this paper, a review based on methods of preparation of forsterite has been done. For the preparation of forsterite powder, various studies have reported the sintering temperature range to be 800–1450 ℃ and the crystallite size from 10 nm to 100 µm. The forsterite and its composites coating over Ti-alloy and stainless steel have also been reported. This paper also compares the mechanical and biological properties of forsterite and hydroxyapatite. It has been observed that the mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, and compressive strength), and biological properties (biocompatibility and bioactivity) of forsterite are favorable for the biomedical implant coating.
📄 中文摘要 Chinese Abstract
📋 英文结构化总结 English Structured Summary
摘要整理
Background:
Biocompatible metallic alloys (stainless steel, Ti-alloy, Co–Cr alloys, etc.) have been frequently used for various biomedical implants. Being biocompatible, complications like implant corrosion, body inflammation, organ pain, local infection, and cytotoxicity cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite, a common biomaterial, is used in the form of powders, coatings, and composites for biomedical applications. But poor adhesion, poor load-bearing capacity, high dissolution, poor wear resistance, natural fragility, etc. are the few hindrances in the use of hydroxyapatite coating over implants. Hence, there is a need to focus on the development of alternative biomaterials and their coatings for metallic (orthopedic, dental, metallic stents, pacemakers, etc.) implants.
Methods:
Techniques like dip coating, plasma spraying, and electrophoretic deposition are employed for such coatings. In this paper, a review based on methods of preparation of forsterite has been done. For the preparation of forsterite powder, various studies have reported the sintering temperature range to be 800–1450 ℃ and the crystallite size from 10 nm to 100 µm. This paper also compares the mechanical and biological properties of forsterite and hydroxyapatite.
Results:
The forsterite and its composites coating over Ti-alloy and stainless steel have also been reported. It has been observed that the mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, and compressive strength), and biological properties (biocompatibility and bioactivity) of forsterite are favorable for the biomedical implant coating.
Data Summary:
For the preparation of forsterite powder, various studies have reported the sintering temperature range to be 800–1450 ℃ and the crystallite size from 10 nm to 100 µm.
Conclusions:
It has been observed that the mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, and compressive strength), and biological properties (biocompatibility and bioactivity) of forsterite are favorable for the biomedical implant coating.
Practical Significance:
To avoid various complexities and to improve the biocompatibility of metal implants, the coating of forsterite and its composites are being used nowadays for metallic (orthopedic, dental, metallic stents, pacemakers, etc.) implants.
📋 中文结构化总结 Chinese Structured Summary
背景:
生物相容性金属合金（不锈钢、钛合金、钴铬合金等）已广泛应用于各类生物医学植入物。尽管具有生物相容性，但仍无法避免植入物腐蚀、机体炎症、器官疼痛、局部感染和细胞毒性等并发症。羟基磷灰石作为一种常见的生物材料，以粉末、涂层和复合材料的形式应用于生物医学领域。然而，羟基磷灰石涂层在植入物应用中存在粘附性差、承载能力低、溶解性高、耐磨性差以及天然脆性等问题。因此，有必要致力于开发替代性生物材料及其涂层，用于金属（骨科、牙科、金属支架、心脏起搏器等）植入物。
方法:
采用浸涂法、等离子喷涂和电泳沉积等技术进行涂层制备。本文基于镁橄榄石的制备方法进行了综述。在镁橄榄石粉末的制备方面，多项研究报道的烧结温度范围为800–1450℃，晶粒尺寸为10 nm至100 µm。本文还对镁橄榄石与羟基磷灰石的力学性能和生物学性能进行了比较。
结果:
已有文献报道了镁橄榄石及其复合材料在钛合金和不锈钢表面的涂层应用。研究表明，镁橄榄石的力学性能（硬度、断裂韧性、杨氏模量和抗压强度）以及生物学性能（生物相容性和生物活性）均有利于其作为生物医学植入物涂层。
数据总结:
在镁橄榄石粉末的制备方面，多项研究报道的烧结温度范围为800–1450℃，晶粒尺寸为10 nm至100 µm。
结论:
研究表明，镁橄榄石的力学性能（硬度、断裂韧性、杨氏模量和抗压强度）以及生物学性能（生物相容性和生物活性）均有利于其作为生物医学植入物涂层。
实际意义:
为避免各种复杂问题并提高金属植入物的生物相容性，镁橄榄石及其复合材料的涂层目前正被应用于金属（骨科、牙科、金属支架、心脏起搏器等）植入物。