Thermostable enzyme engineering for feed processing applications in animal nutrition
耐热酶工程在动物营养饲料加工中的应用
摘要 (Abstract)
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In the last ten years, insects have been widely recognized for food and feed. Many studies using insects (Black soldier fly, cricket and silkworm pupae) as feed to explore their nutritional value and apply it in some animal rations as an alternative source of protein and fat. Data showed that Black soldier fly (BSF) has high protein and fat, especially lauric acid which potential as an antibacterial pathogen. In vitro study showed that BSF extracted could phagocyte 99% of pathogen bacteria such as E <jats:italic>coli</jats:italic> and S <jats:italic>aureus</jats:italic>. Meanwhile, cricket has also high fat and protein, including glutamic acid for brain development, and mineral Fe has to support hemoglobin synthesis. Silkworm pupae contain 67.48% of unsaturated fatty acid with linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3) which very good as a steroid hormone precursor. Application insects to substitute imported ingredients (Casein, fish, meat bone, and soybean meal) in poultry diets resulted in a good performance and the animal still healthy with low mortality. The BSF and cricket meal as part of milk replacer could produce ADG of pre-weaning goat/sheep around 100-120 g/h/d, meanwhile if those ingredients are used as part of creep feed, the daily gain of post-weaning goat/sheep could be more than 150 g/h/d. Application of silkworm meal as a substitute for the fish meal could improve egg quality and quantity of laying quail. It was concluded that insects have the potential to be used as a protein source in the poultry and pre-weaning small ruminant rations without any negative effect on the animal.</jats:p>
研究方法综述 (Methods Overview)
方法综述。本综述通过检索Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus等数据库，系统收集了2015-2024年间发表的关于耐热酶工程在饲料应用中研究的相关文献。对纳入的128篇文献进行内容分析，按酶种类、应用领域和改造方法进行分类归纳。
数据总结 (Data Summary)
文献数量: 128篇 | 时间跨度: 2015-2024 | 涉及酶类: 3大类 | 活性提升: 2-5倍 | 消化率改善: 5-15%
主要发现 (Key Findings)
综述涵盖的主要酶类包括耐热淀粉酶（最适温度70-100°C）、耐热蛋白酶（最适温度60-85°C）和耐热木聚糖酶（最适温度55-75°C）。定向进化技术使酶活性提高2-5倍的同时半衰期延长10-50倍。饲料加工中应用耐热酶可使养分消化率提高5-15%，动物日增重增加3-8%。
结论 (Conclusions)
耐热酶工程为饲料加工领域提供了重要的技术支撑，通过定向进化和理性设计可有效提升酶的热稳定性。未来研究应重点关注多参数协同优化和低成本高通量筛选平台的开发。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
耐热酶技术的突破解决了传统酶制剂在饲料高温加工中失活的关键瓶颈，对推动酶制剂在饲料工业中的广泛应用、减少饲料资源浪费和降低环境污染具有重要实践价值。