The emerging role of milk-derived extracellular vesicles in gut pathology and cancer management
乳源细胞外囊泡在肠道病理与癌症管理中的新兴作用
📄 英文摘要 English Abstract
BACKGROUND: Milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as important mediators in gut pathology and cancer management. These stable nanoscale vesicles contain bioactive cargos including microRNAs, proteins, and lipids that facilitate intercellular communication and offer therapeutic opportunities. SCOPE AND APPROACH: This review examines mEVs' role in gut health and cancer therapy, synthesizing recent evidence from 2021 to 2025 across various milk sources (camel, bovine, equine, ovine, human). KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: mEVs significantly enhance intestinal health by strengthening epithelial barriers, modulating immune responses, and improving gut microbiota composition. In colitis models, they reduce inflammation, improve intestinal integrity, and restore microbial balance. Additionally, mEVs show promising cancer treatment applications, functioning as natural anticancer agents and efficient drug delivery vehicles. Their biocompatibility, tumor-targeting capabilities, and ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity address key limitations of conventional therapies. mEVs represent a promising frontier in preventive and therapeutic interventions for gastrointestinal disorders and cancer, positioning them as valuable candidates for future clinical applications in food-based therapeutics and precision medicine.
📄 中文摘要 Chinese Abstract
📋 英文结构化总结 English Structured Summary
摘要整理
Background:
Milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as important mediators in gut pathology and cancer management. These stable nanoscale vesicles contain bioactive cargos including microRNAs, proteins, and lipids that facilitate intercellular communication and offer therapeutic opportunities.
Methods:
This review examines mEVs' role in gut health and cancer therapy, synthesizing recent evidence from 2021 to 2025 across various milk sources (camel, bovine, equine, ovine, human).
Results:
mEVs significantly enhance intestinal health by strengthening epithelial barriers, modulating immune responses, and improving gut microbiota composition. Additionally, mEVs show promising cancer treatment applications, functioning as natural anticancer agents and efficient drug delivery vehicles.
Data Summary:
In colitis models, they reduce inflammation, improve intestinal integrity, and restore microbial balance. Their biocompatibility, tumor-targeting capabilities, and ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity address key limitations of conventional therapies.
Conclusions:
mEVs represent a promising frontier in preventive and therapeutic interventions for gastrointestinal disorders and cancer, positioning them as valuable candidates for future clinical applications in food-based therapeutics and precision medicine.
Practical Significance:
mEVs' biocompatibility and tumor-targeting capabilities enable them to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity, addressing key limitations of conventional therapies and offering real-world applications in food-based therapeutics and precision medicine.
📋 中文结构化总结 Chinese Structured Summary
背景:
牛奶细胞外囊泡（mEVs）正日益成为肠道病理和癌症管理中的重要介质。这些稳定的纳米级囊泡含有生物活性货物，包括微小RNA、蛋白质和脂质，促进细胞间通讯并提供治疗机会。
方法:
本综述探讨了mEVs在肠道健康和癌症治疗中的作用，综合了2021年至2025年间来自多种奶源（骆驼、牛、马、羊、人）的最新证据。
结果:
mEVs通过增强上皮屏障、调节免疫反应和改善肠道菌群组成，显著促进肠道健康。此外，mEVs在癌症治疗中展现出良好的应用前景，可作为天然抗癌剂和高效的药物递送载体。
数据总结:
在结肠炎模型中，它们可减轻炎症、改善肠道完整性并恢复微生物平衡。其生物相容性、肿瘤靶向能力以及增强治疗效果同时降低毒性的特点，解决了传统疗法的关键局限性。
结论:
mEVs代表了胃肠道疾病预防和治疗干预的有前景的前沿领域，使其成为未来食品基治疗和精准医学临床应用中的宝贵候选者。
实际意义:
mEVs的生物相容性和肿瘤靶向能力使其能够增强治疗效果同时降低毒性，解决了传统疗法的关键局限性，并在食品基治疗和精准医学中提供了实际应用价值。