[Research progress in the regulation of functional homeostasis of adipose tissue by exosomal miRNA].
外泌体miRNA调控脂肪组织功能稳态的研究进展
摘要 (Abstract)
1. Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Sep 13;20:11267-11294. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S529311. eCollection 2025. Exosomes and Renal Fibrosis: Diagnostic Value, Therapeutic Potential and Challenges. Li Y(1), Waheed YA(1), Sun D(1)(2)(3). Author information: (1)Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China. (2)Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China. (3)Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China. Renal fibrosis is a key pathological process in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), characterised by irreversible damage to the renal parenchyma. Currently, effective curative treatments are lacking. Exosomes, double-layer phospholipid vesicles containing bioactive components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication. Under physiological conditions, exosomes contribute to kidney development (eg regulating of ureteric bud branching and nephron formation) and maintenance of cellular homeostasis (eg protection of the glomerular filtration barrier and regulation of electrolyte balance). In pathological conditions, damaged renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and other renal cell types release exosomes carrying pro-fibrotic factors (eg miR-21, TGF-β), which activate fibroblasts and facilitate excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, thereby accelerating the fibrotic process. Exosomes possess significant diagnostic value, as their protein components (eg Cp and CD2AP in urinary exosomes) and RNA cargo (eg lncRNA, miRNA, circRNA) may serve as biomarkers for renal function impairment. Therapeutically, exosomes derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and urine can delay fibrosis through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant activity, promotion of angiogenesis, and regulation of signalling pathways (eg NOTCH, AKT). Engineered exosomes exhibit enhanced targeting and delivery efficiency through endogenous or exogenous loading methods, thereby further improving therapeutic efficacy. However, current research faces challenges including inconsistent methods of exosome isolation and purification, absence of standardised identification protocols, insufficient stability, and barriers to clinical translation. This review summarises the current progress in exosome research related to renal fibrosis, covering physiological and pathological roles, diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and existing challenges, aiming to facilitate translation from basic research to clinical practice and to provide novel strategies for precise diagnosis and treatment of renal fibrosis. © 2025 Li et al. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S529311 PMCID: PMC12442909 PMID: 40969664 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
实验设计与方法 (Experimental Design & Methods)
整合公共数据库资源，采用生物信息学分析方法挖掘关键基因和通路。通过实验验证预测结果的可靠性。
实验结果 (Experimental Results)
识别出多个与疾病相关的关键分子标志物和潜在治疗靶点，为精准医学研究提供了候选分子。
数据汇总 (Data Summary)
识别出多个与疾病相关的关键分子标志物和潜在治疗靶点，为精准医学研究提供了候选分子。
结论 (Conclusions)
生物信息学方法为复杂生物系统研究提供了有效工具。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
对推动精准医疗和个体化治疗发展具有重要价值。