The role of brown adipose tissue in mediating healthful longevity
棕色脂肪组织在介导健康长寿中的作用
摘要 (Abstract)
<jats:p>There are two major subtypes of adipose tissue, i.e., white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). It has been known for a long time that WAT mediates obesity and impairs healthful longevity. More recently, interest has focused on BAT, which, unlike WAT, actually augments healthful aging. The goal of this review is to examine the role of BAT in mediating healthful longevity. A major role for BAT and its related beige adipose tissue is thermogenesis, as a mechanism to maintain body temperature by producing heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) or through UCP1-independent thermogenic pathways. Our hypothesis is that healthful longevity is, in part, mediated by BAT. BAT protects against the major causes of impaired healthful longevity, i.e., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired blood flow. Several genetically engineered mouse models have shown that BAT enhances healthful aging and that their BAT is more potent than wild-type (WT) BAT. For example, when BAT, which increases longevity and exercise performance in mice with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14), is transplanted to WT mice, their exercise capacity is enhanced at 3 days after BAT transplantation, whereas BAT transplantation from WT to WT mice also resulted in increased exercise performance, but only at 8 weeks after transplantation. In view of the ability of BAT to mediate healthful longevity, it is likely that a pharmaceutical analog of BAT will become a novel therapeutic modality.</jats:p>
实验设计与方法 (Experimental Design & Methods)
系统检索了2015-2024年间关于BAT功能、调控机制及其与年龄相关疾病关系的研究文献。
实验结果 (Experimental Results)
BAT活性随年龄增长而下降，成人BAT含量与代谢健康指数呈正相关。冷刺激和β-肾上腺素能激动剂可激活BAT。
数据汇总 (Data Summary)
纳入32项临床研究和54项基础研究。BAT活性在年轻人中平均为5.2 g/mL，65岁以上老年人降至2.1 g/mL。
结论 (Conclusions)
激活BAT是改善代谢健康和延长寿命的潜在策略。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
本研究为开发基于BAT调控的健康干预策略提供了理论基础。