[Research progress in the regulation of functional homeostasis of adipose tissue by exosomal miRNA].
外泌体miRNA调控脂肪组织功能稳态的研究进展
📄 英文摘要 English Abstract
Adipose tissue holds a pivotal position in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expresses uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is specialized in dissipating chemical energy as heat to maintain euthermia, a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. Conversely, white adipocyte (WAT) predominantly serves as the primary reservoir for energy storage, while also exhibiting endocrine activity by secreting various adipokines, thereby modulating systemic metabolism. Under the stimulation of cold exposure, physical activity and pharmacological intervention, WAT can occur as "browning" or "beiging", and transform into beige adipose tissue. The morphology and function of beige adipocyte are similar to brown adipocyte, both of which express higher levels of UCP1 and also have the function of thermogenesis. Thus, exploring methods to regulate the functional homeostasis of adipose tissue and its underlying molecular mechanisms hold promise for advancing preventative and therapeutic approaches against metabolic diseases. Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 40-100 nm, facilitate intercellular communication in obese individuals and exert significant influence on insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance within adipose tissue. These effects are primarily mediated by microRNA (miRNA) transported by exosomes. MiRNA, originating from various cellular sources, traverses between different cell types via EVs, thereby orchestrating reciprocal functional modulation among diverse tissues and organs. This review systematically summarized the research progress in exosomal miRNA-mediated regulation of adipose tissue functional homeostasis, with the aim of offering novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
📄 中文摘要 Chinese Abstract
📋 英文结构化总结 English Structured Summary
摘要整理
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Background: Adipose tissue holds a pivotal position in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expresses uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is specialized in dissipating chemical energy as heat to maintain euthermia, a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. Conversely, white adipocyte (WAT) predominantly serves as the primary reservoir for energy storage, while also exhibiting endocrine activity by secreting various adipokines, thereby modulating systemic metabolism. Under the stimulation of cold exposure, physical activity and pharmacological intervention, WAT can occur as "browning" or "beiging", and transform into beige adipose tissue. The morphology and function of beige adipocyte are similar to brown adipocyte, both of which express higher levels of UCP1 and also have the function of thermogenesis. Thus, exploring methods to regulate the functional homeostasis of adipose tissue and its underlying molecular mechanisms hold promise for advancing preventative and therapeutic approaches against metabolic diseases.
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Methods: N/A - Review article
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Results: Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 40-100 nm, facilitate intercellular communication in obese individuals and exert significant influence on insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance within adipose tissue. These effects are primarily mediated by microRNA (miRNA) transported by exosomes. MiRNA, originating from various cellular sources, traverses between different cell types via EVs, thereby orchestrating reciprocal functional modulation among diverse tissues and organs. This review systematically summarized the research progress in exosomal miRNA-mediated regulation of adipose tissue functional homeostasis.
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Data Summary: No quantitative results or key statistics are provided in the abstract.
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Conclusions: The review offers novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases through the lens of exosomal miRNA-mediated regulation of adipose tissue functional homeostasis.
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Practical Significance: The findings aim to offer novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
📋 中文结构化总结 Chinese Structured Summary
背景:
脂肪组织在维持系统能量稳态中占据关键地位。棕色脂肪组织（BAT）表达解偶联蛋白1（UCP1），专门用于将化学能转化为热量以维持恒温，这一过程称为非颤抖性产热。相反，白色脂肪组织（WAT）主要作为能量储存的主要场所，同时通过分泌多种脂肪因子发挥内分泌活性，从而调节系统代谢。在冷暴露、体力活动和药物干预的刺激下，WAT可发生"褐变"或"米色化"，转化为米色脂肪组织。米色脂肪细胞的形态和功能与棕色脂肪细胞相似，两者均高表达UCP1，并具有产热功能。因此，探索调节脂肪组织功能稳态的方法及其潜在分子机制，有望推动代谢性疾病的预防和治疗策略的发展。
方法:
不适用——综述类文章
结果:
外泌体是直径40-100 nm的细胞外囊泡（EVs）的一个亚型，在肥胖个体中促进细胞间通讯，并对脂肪组织内的胰岛素抵抗和糖耐量受损产生显著影响。这些效应主要由外泌体所转运的微小RNA（miRNA）介导。来源于不同细胞来源的miRNA通过EVs在不同细胞类型之间穿梭，从而协调不同组织和器官之间的相互功能调节。本综述系统总结了外泌体miRNA介导的脂肪组织功能稳态调节的研究进展。
数据摘要:
摘要中未提供定量结果或关键统计数据。
结论:
本综述通过外泌体miRNA介导的脂肪组织功能稳态调节视角，为肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新的见解。
实际意义:
研究结果旨在为肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的见解。