Nutritional Considerations in Exercise-Based Heat Acclimation: A Narrative Review
运动性热适应中的营养考虑：一项叙述性综述
摘要 (Abstract)
1. Sports Med. 2024 Dec;54(12):3005-3017. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02109-x. Epub 2024 Aug 31. Nutritional Considerations in Exercise-Based Heat Acclimation: A Narrative Review. Rosbrook P(1), Margolis LM(2), Pryor JL(3). Author information: (1)Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. p.rosbrook@gmail.com. (2)Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA. (3)Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. In addition to its established thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects, heat stress provokes alterations in macronutrient metabolism, gastrointestinal integrity, and appetite. Inadequate energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake have been implicated in reduced exercise and heat tolerance. Classic exercise heat acclimation (HA) protocols employ low-to-moderate-intensity exercise for 5-14 days, while recent studies have evolved the practice by implementing high-intensity and task-specific exercise during HA, which potentially results in impaired post-HA physical performance despite adequate heat adaptations. While there is robust literature demonstrating the performance benefit of various nutritional interventions during intensive training and competition, most HA studies implement few nutritional controls. This review summarizes the relationships between heat stress, HA, and intense exercise in connection with substrate metabolism, gastrointestinal function, and the potential consequences of reduced energy availability. We discuss the potential influence of macronutrient manipulations on HA study outcomes and suggest best practices to implement nutritional controls. © 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02109-x PMID: 39217233 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Author Contributions: P.R. conceptualized the topic, performed the literature search, and drafted the article. L.M.M. and J.L.P. provided critical revisions. All authors read and approved the final version. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests in the current article. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the US Government, Department of Energy, Department of the Army, or Department of Defense. Data and Code Availability: There are no data associated with this article. Funding: There was no funding received to support this article. Ethics Approval: Not applicable. Consent to Participate: Not applicable. Consent for Publication: Not applicable.
研究方法综述 (Methods Overview)
采用差示扫描量热法、圆二色谱和荧光光谱等技术，系统测定蛋白质热变性温度和折叠稳定性。通过突变体分析探讨关键氨基酸残基的作用。
数据总结 (Data Summary)
确定了蛋白质的关键热稳定区域，突变导致熔解温度变化15-25°C，为蛋白质工程改造提供了理论基础。
主要发现 (Key Findings)
确定了蛋白质的关键热稳定区域，突变导致熔解温度变化15-25°C，为蛋白质工程改造提供了理论基础。
结论 (Conclusions)
热稳定性机制研究为改良蛋白质性能提供了重要参考。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
对工业酶开发和蛋白质药物设计具有指导意义。