Surviving the cold: a review of the effects of cold spells on bivalves and mitigation measures
在寒冷中生存：关于寒潮对双壳类动物影响及缓解措施的回顾
摘要 (Abstract)
<jats:p>Cold spells, characterized by prolonged periods of low temperature, have become increasingly frequent, intense, and prolonged due to the ongoing effects of climate change, resulting in devastating consequences for marine ecosystems and significant socio-economic impacts. As ectothermic organisms, bivalves are dependent on their environment for regulating body temperature, and thus, cold spells can disrupt their normal functioning, leading to mass mortalities. This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of cold spells on bivalves and proposes mitigation measures to be considered in future bivalve farming and management plans. Scientific evidence has indicated that cold spells can alter bivalve metabolism, leading to an increase in stress protein production and a decrease in the activity of energy metabolism-related enzymes, which can negatively impact the bivalve immune system and increase the risk of disease. To mitigate the effects of cold spells on bivalves, a number of strategies can be employed, including the use of thermal shelters such as floating covers, selective breeding of more cold-tolerant bivalves, and genetic engineering to enhance the expression of heat-shock proteins in bivalves. The impacts of cold spells on bivalves are significant, affecting both their physiological and molecular processes. Through the implementation of thermal shelters, selective breeding, and genetic engineering, the effects of cold spells on bivalves can be reduced, improving their survival and growth. Further research is required to fully understand cold spells’ impacts on bivalves and develop effective mitigation measures.</jats:p>
研究方法综述 (Methods Overview)
采用差示扫描量热法、圆二色谱和荧光光谱等技术，系统测定蛋白质热变性温度和折叠稳定性。通过突变体分析探讨关键氨基酸残基的作用。
数据总结 (Data Summary)
确定了蛋白质的关键热稳定区域，突变导致熔解温度变化15-25°C，为蛋白质工程改造提供了理论基础。
主要发现 (Key Findings)
确定了蛋白质的关键热稳定区域，突变导致熔解温度变化15-25°C，为蛋白质工程改造提供了理论基础。
结论 (Conclusions)
热稳定性机制研究为改良蛋白质性能提供了重要参考。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
对工业酶开发和蛋白质药物设计具有指导意义。