Metabolic Effects of Ketogenic Diets: Exploring Whole-Body Metabolism in Connection with Adipose Tissue and Other Metabolic Organs.
生酮饮食的代谢影响：结合脂肪组织和其他代谢器官探索全身代谢
摘要 (Abstract)
<jats:p>The ketogenic diet (KD) is characterized by minimal carbohydrate, moderate protein, and high fat intake, leading to ketosis. It is recognized for its efficiency in weight loss, metabolic health improvement, and various therapeutic interventions. The KD enhances glucose and lipid metabolism, reducing triglycerides and total cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein levels and alleviating dyslipidemia. It significantly influences adipose tissue hormones, key contributors to systemic metabolism. Brown adipose tissue, essential for thermogenesis and lipid combustion, encounters modified UCP1 levels due to dietary factors, including the KD. UCP1 generates heat by uncoupling electron transport during ATP synthesis. Browning of the white adipose tissue elevates UCP1 levels in both white and brown adipose tissues, a phenomenon encouraged by the KD. Ketone oxidation depletes intermediates in the Krebs cycle, requiring anaplerotic substances, including glucose, glycogen, or amino acids, for metabolic efficiency. Methylation is essential in adipogenesis and the body’s dietary responses, with DNA methylation of several genes linked to weight loss and ketosis. The KD stimulates FGF21, influencing metabolic stability via the UCP1 pathways. The KD induces a reduction in muscle mass, potentially involving anti-lipolytic effects and attenuating proteolysis in skeletal muscles. Additionally, the KD contributes to neuroprotection, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, and alters epigenetics. This review encapsulates the metabolic effects and signaling induced by the KD in adipose tissue and major metabolic organs.</jats:p>
实验设计与方法 (Experimental Design & Methods)
采用系统性文献综述方法，检索和分析多个数据库中的相关研究文献。
实验结果 (Experimental Results)
总结了主要研究进展、关键发现和发展趋势，识别了研究空白和未来研究方向。
数据汇总 (Data Summary)
总结了主要研究进展、关键发现和发展趋势，识别了研究空白和未来研究方向。
结论 (Conclusions)
该综述为相关领域研究提供了全面的参考框架。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
对推动学科交叉融合和研究创新具有重要价值。