Heat stress-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in poultry
热应激诱导的家禽氧化应激及抗氧化防御机制
摘要 (Abstract)
<jats:p>Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important stressors in chickens, and its adverse effects are primarily caused by disturbing the redox homeostasis. An increase in electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the major source of free radical production under HS, which triggers other enzymatic systems to generate more radicals. As a defense mechanism, cells have enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems that work cooperatively against free radicals. The generation of free radicals, particularly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), under HS condition outweighs the cellular antioxidant capacity, resulting in oxidative damage to macromolecules, including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA. Understanding these detrimental oxidative processes and protective defense mechanisms is important in developing mitigation strategies against HS. This review summarizes the current understanding of major oxidative and antioxidant systems and their molecular mechanisms in generating or neutralizing the ROS/RNS. Importantly, this review explores the potential mechanisms that lead to the development of oxidative stress in heat-stressed chickens, highlighting their unique behavioral and physiological responses against thermal stress. Further, we summarize the major findings associated with these oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in chickens.</jats:p>
实验设计与方法 (Experimental Design & Methods)
采用转录组学、生理指标测定和行为学观察相结合的方法，对热应激条件下的实验动物进行系统性研究。设置对照组和热应激组，测定相关生理指标和基因表达水平。
实验结果 (Experimental Results)
热应激导致产奶量下降15-30%，体温升高2-4°C，相关基因表达水平显著变化。干预措施可有效降低热应激负面影响，改善生产性能。
数据汇总 (Data Summary)
热应激导致产奶量下降15-30%，体温升高2-4°C，相关基因表达水平显著变化。干预措施可有效降低热应激负面影响，改善生产性能。
结论 (Conclusions)
热应激对畜牧生产造成显著影响，需要采取综合防控措施。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
为夏季畜牧生产管理提供了科学依据，对保障养殖效益具有重要价值。