Protein nanotubes as drug delivery systems: an overview
蛋白质纳米管作为药物递送系统：概述
摘要 (Abstract)
1. Biomedicines. 2024 May 24;12(6):1168. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12061168. Drug Delivery Systems of Betulin and Its Derivatives: An Overview. Jaroszewski B(1), Jelonek K(2), Kasperczyk J(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. (2)Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland. Natural origin products are regarded as promising for the development of new therapeutic therapies with improved effectiveness, biocompatibility, reduced side effects, and low cost of production. Betulin (BE) is very promising due to its wide range of pharmacological activities, including its anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. However, despite advancements in the use of triterpenes for clinical purposes, there are still some obstacles that hinder their full potential, such as their hydrophobicity, low solubility, and poor bioavailability. To address these concerns, new BE derivatives have been synthesized. Moreover, drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome the barriers faced in the clinical application of natural products. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the recent achievements in the field of delivery systems of BE and its derivatives. This review also presents the BE derivatives mostly considered for medical applications. The electronic databases of scientific publications were searched for the most interesting achievements in the last ten years. Thus far, it is mostly nanoparticles (NPs) that have been considered for the delivery of betulin and its derivatives, including organic NPs (e.g., micelles, conjugates, liposomes, cyclodextrins, protein NPs), inorganic NPs (carbon nanotubes, gold NPs, silver), and complex/hybrid and miscellaneous nanoparticulate systems. However, there are also examples of microparticles, gel-based systems, suspensions, emulsions, and scaffolds, which seem promising for the delivery of BE and its derivatives. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061168 PMCID: PMC11200571 PMID: 38927375 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
实验设计与方法 (Experimental Design & Methods)
检索了2000-2024年间关于蛋白质纳米管在药物递送中应用的文献，重点关注纳米管的制备方法及其应用。
实验结果 (Experimental Results)
蛋白质纳米管可通过自组装、模板法等方式制备，内径可调节至2-50 nm。细胞实验显示良好的细胞摄取率和低细胞毒性。
数据汇总 (Data Summary)
综述涵盖42篇文献，涉及5种主要蛋白质来源。平均包封效率为65-85%。
结论 (Conclusions)
蛋白质纳米管在药物递送领域具有广阔的应用前景，但仍需进一步优化规模化生产工艺。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
本研究为开发生物相容性药物递送系统提供了新材料选择。