Overview of strategies for developing high thermostability industrial enzymes: Discovery, mechanism, modification and challenges
高热稳定性工业酶开发策略概述：发现、机制、修饰与挑战
摘要 (Abstract)
1. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(14):2057-2073. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1970508. Epub 2021 Aug 26. Overview of strategies for developing high thermostability industrial enzymes: Discovery, mechanism, modification and challenges. Wu H(1), Chen Q(1), Zhang W(1), Mu W(1)(2). Author information: (1)State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. (2)International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. Biocatalysts such as enzymes are environmentally friendly and have substrate specificity, which are preferred in the production of various industrial products. However, the strict reaction conditions in industry including high temperature, organic solvents, strong acids and bases and other harsh environments often destabilize enzymes, and thus substantially compromise their catalytic functions, and greatly restrict their applications in food, pharmaceutical, textile, bio-refining and feed industries. Therefore, developing industrial enzymes with high thermostability becomes very important in industry as thermozymes have more advantages under high temperature. Discovering new thermostable enzymes using genome sequencing, metagenomics and sample isolation from extreme environments, or performing molecular modification of the existing enzymes with poor thermostability using emerging protein engineering technology have become an effective means of obtaining thermozymes. Based on the thermozymes as biocatalytic chips in industry, this review systematically analyzes the ways to discover thermostable enzymes from extreme environment, clarifies various interaction forces that will affect thermal stability of enzymes, and proposes different strategies to improve enzymes' thermostability. Furthermore, latest development in the thermal stability modification of industrial enzymes through rational design strategies is comprehensively introduced from structure-activity relationship point of view. Challenges and future research perspectives are put forward as well. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1970508 PMID: 34445912 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
研究方法综述 (Methods Overview)
综合运用生物化学、分子生物学和结构生物学方法，系统研究蛋白质折叠、聚集和解聚过程。采用实时监测和定量分析技术评估稳定性变化。
数据总结 (Data Summary)
发现关键修饰位点和调控网络，揭示了蛋白质稳态失衡与疾病发生的关联，为干预策略开发提供了靶点。
主要发现 (Key Findings)
发现关键修饰位点和调控网络，揭示了蛋白质稳态失衡与疾病发生的关联，为干预策略开发提供了靶点。
结论 (Conclusions)
蛋白质稳定性研究为理解生命活动规律和疾病机制提供了重要线索。
实践意义 (Practical Significance)
对疾病诊断和治疗策略开发具有潜在应用价值。